"Belsen Was a Gas" is one of the most controversial songs by the British punk rock band Sex Pistols. The song is about one of the concentration camps in Germany during World War II, i.e. Bergen-Belsen, which was liberated by British troops in 1945,[1] and was consequently more well-known in that country than similar camps in Eastern Europe (Belsen is also mentioned in their song "Holidays in the Sun").
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Sid Vicious is often credited with having written the song while in his earlier band The Flowers of Romance, as a sheet of handwritten lyrics purported to be in his hand appears in Jon Savage's book England's Dreaming. He is supposed to have written it as a joke; in an interview he claimed that when writing the song he was trying to be ironic. Its title is a pun on the Zyklon B gas used in many camps; "Belsen was a Gas", "a Gas" being 1960s/1970s street slang for "great". In fact, there were no gas chambers at Bergen-Belsen, as it was not one of the extermination camps; most of the around 37,000 deaths there were due to typhus or, starvation[2]
The darkly humorous lyrics were designed to offend that generation then in charge of running the country who had grown up during World War II, and for whom the Holocaust was an extremely sensitive subject, with the Belsen concentration camp holding a particular place of horror in the older British generation's psyche because Nazi propaganda films, which had portrayed the camp in the early stages of the Nazi regime (particularly for the foreign press) as being a well run camp for Jewish families trying to emigrate out of Nazi Germany (something seized upon by Nazi apologists within the UK such as Oswald Mosley).
The song was another attempt by the group to outrage that generation they believed were responsible for many of the ills within Britain at that time by writing about highly sensitive or controversial subject matter. Sid Vicious often wore a swastika shirt for the shock value, and in keeping with the musical Cabaret's style of dress for members of the Kit-Kat Club adopted by members of the Bromley Contingent. Cabaret was popular among the early punk rock movement, because many saw similarities in 1970s Britain with the last chaotic years of the Weimar Republic this musical was set in.
John Lydon would later indicate that he felt with this song, the group's shock tactics crossed the line into gratuitous bad taste. In an interview conducted for Q magazine in 1996 he stated "[the song] was a very nasty, silly little thing... that should've ended up on the cutting room floor". He also took the opportunity to claim responsibility for the lyrics.
Many of these describe a grotesque, sarcastic version of what occurred. The opening lines are:
The song appears in two versions on The Great Rock 'n' Roll Swindle album, first a live version from the Sex Pistols' last concert (San Francisco, January 14, 1978), then in an altered studio version with Ronnie Biggs on vocals. Biggs insisted on altering the lyrics - he later claimed as he'd read the published diary of Anne Frank, Belsen's most famous victim - with an additional verse. The second verse describes some of the treatment Jews received:
For whatever reason, the version with Biggs is also altered in its musical composition. In the original version done with Rotten, the main theme is a power chord riff that goes D, C, D, E♭ (plays with "Belsen was a gas, I heard the other day"). When rerecorded for the Biggs version, that theme is drastically altered to D, C, B♭, C. Thus, the tension of the original version (from the use of E flat in a song based in D) is quite deflated.
The Biggs remake also ends with a saxophone solo, unheard in Pistols material until this point. The original, on the other hand, ends with Johnny Rotten haranguing the listener to "Be a man / Kill a man / Be someone / Kill someone / Be a man / Kill yourself!" as the music abruptly stops. There is a brief, shocked hush before the audience applauds. Of this version of the song, Lester Bangs wrote, "It's one of the most frightening things I've ever heard. You wonder exactly what you might be affirming by listening to this over and over again. On one level Johnny Rotten/Lydon is an insect buzzing atop the massed ruins of a civilization leveled by itself, which I suppose justifies him right there, on another level he's just another trafficker in cheap nihilism with all that it includes — cheap racism, sexism, etc. I'm still not comfortable with "Bodies." But then I never was, which may be the point. But then I wonder if he is. After which I cease to wonder at anything beyond the power of this music."[3]
Both versions of the song are credited to Steve Jones, Paul Cook, Johnny Rotten and Sid Vicious as composers (even though the lyrics for the second version were rewritten by Ronnie Biggs). On most versions of the album, the live version is listed in Gothic script as "Einmal Belsen war vortrefflich" and Biggs' version is "Einmal Belsen war wirklich vortrefflich"; these grammatically erroneous German titles translate more or less as "Once, Belsen was brilliant" and "Once, Belsen was really brilliant". The first UK sleeve gave the titles as "Belsen Was a Gas" and "Belsen Vos a Gassa".
The 2002 Sex Pistols box set includes another live version of "Belsen Was a Gas" on disc 3. This version was recorded on January 10, 1978 at the Longhorn Ballroom, Dallas.
Bell Mobility's brand Solo Mobile was subject to controversy after the song's title appeared in one of its advertisements.
When Sex Pistols reformed for a reunion tour of the U.S. in 2003, after the start of the Iraq War, they performed an adapted version of the song, called "Baghdad Was a Blast", as an attack on President George W. Bush's policies in the region. At the first of the band's Brixton Academy shows in November 2007, the song was performed in a further adapted version, this time as "Brixton Was a Blast".
The second version with Ronnie Biggs was originally slated to be a single, but after the airplay and record shop ban on the earlier single, "No One Is Innocent" (due to Biggs being the lead vocalist), this idea was dropped.
Sid Vicious, allegedly being one of the composers, performed and released the song on his sole solo album, Sid Sings. Following the best-known official version by the Sex Pistols, Vicious' is yet again a live recording, which is introduced on the album as "[written] by Sid Vicious!".
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